![]() ![]() However, this application requires substantial policy push and public co-funding to materialize 1. These countries predominantly use gas for heating buildings, and have infrastructure that can be adapted to hydrogen distribution and storage. ![]() Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, South Korea, UK and US are the most likely to adopt this at significant scale. Several countries may see hydrogen heated buildings as a good decarbonization option. However, despite its carbon neutral potential described in the green and blue pathways above, the current most common method is gas reforming without carbon capture and storage. This is based on the assumptions of significantly reduced capital costs for electrolysers and that they will operate only when electricity prices are ‘low.’ In this scenario, electrolysers operate intermittently in step with fluctuating power prices, and either hydrogen storage or complimentary blue hydrogen production is available to ensure hydrogen supply. Green hydrogen is produced from electrolysis of water powered by renewables, and although currently expensive, we believe that green hydrogen can compete against the blue method by 2030. Blue hydrogen is made from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage (CCS) but requires parallel development of large-scale CCS infrastructure. There are two competing (and maybe complimentary) narratives on how hydrogen will be produced. ![]() However, the question remains what is the most cost and carbon efficient way to produce hydrogen? The next decade could provide the answer. It is an especially attractive option for countries with an existing natural gas infrastructure, as demonstrated by the United Kingdom which is already implementing large scale hydrogen projects. In a world that is seeking clean energy carriers, hydrogen can carve out a more prominent niche in the energy mix. Only 0.002% of this hydrogen, about 1,000 tonnes per annum, is used as an energy carrier 1, the rest is used in industrial processes, mostly as feedstock. Some 3% of global energy consumption today is used to produce hydrogen. ![]()
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